\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- <\/a>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/albylad24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2b3a0973-32e3-4506-9505-4f595d4da7c7.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0639\u0627\u0645 1908\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 “\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1909 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a “\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0629 1922 – 1927 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 “\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 1924 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644” \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 1925 “\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: “\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645”\u060c “\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a”\u060c “\u0639\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0633\u064a”\u060c “\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a”\u060c “\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0644\u064a\u0645”\u060c “\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f”\u060c “\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633”\u060c “\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645”\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1920 – 1930 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- <\/a>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640 19 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640 20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/albylad24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/176f7c08-ab41-4043-b2d9-05a204e9774c-1024x657.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a 1908 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a 1917 – 1918\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0646\u0651 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d”\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1915 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0651\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 “\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644”\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u062a\u064a “\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628” \u0648”\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b” \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631 – \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645”\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 “\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646” \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646: “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629”. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0627\u0626\u062d” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a “\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633” \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a “\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a “\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a “\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0647” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 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